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Edited by Christian Lowe | Contact

You Run, You Die

LJDAM.jpg

It looks like the Air Force got a new arrow in its quiver recently with the first employment in combat of the new Guided Bomb Unit 54 -- a hybrid Joint Direct Attack Munition/Laser Guided Bomb.

Seems that the Air Force issued an urgent need statement for a 500 lb. munition that could take out moving targets. Maybe the fighter jocks were getting jealous of their missile-wielding robot friends who seem to be the go-to platforms for such moving target engagements.

Officials in Iraq announced that on Aug. 12 (why could they not talk about this any sooner? Typical Air Force) F-16s had engaged a moving vehicle with the so-called LJDAM:

The GBU-54 is the U.S. Air Force’s newest 500-pound precision weapon, equipped with a special targeting system that uses a combination of GPS and laser guidance to accurately engage and destroy moving targets.

On, Aug. 12, 2008, F-16s from the 77th Expeditionary Fighter Squadron deployed to Joint Base Balad, Iraq, successfully executed this “combat first” when the weapon was employed against a moving enemy vehicle in Diyala province, Iraq...

Identified as an urgent operational need in early 2007, the Air Force completed the GBU-54’s development and testing cycle in less than 17 months, fielding it aboard 332nd Air Expeditionary Wing aircraft in May.

“We have consistently used precision-guided weapons to engage stationary threats with superb combat effects,” said Brig. Gen. Brian Bishop, 332nd AEW commander. “This weapon allows our combat pilots to engage a broad range of moving targets with dramatically increased capabilities and it increases our ability to strike the enemy throughout a much, much broader engagement envelope...”

"At end game, on Aug. 12, the team of the joint terminal attack controller, alongside his ground unit commander in this event, ensured all criteria were met for the first combat delivery of the LJDAM. And finally, our F-16 pilot accurately and precisely delivered and guided the weapon to desired weapons effects, the disabling and destruction of an enemy vehicle and personnel,” Gen.North said.

All right, so ignore the retarded "cop speak" of the last paragraph (I mean, who says "ensured all criteria were met for combat delivery" -- just say "we lazed the target and said 'cleared hot!' ") -- this seems like a pretty interesting development and one that could improve the Air Force's ability to play in an urban fight. But my question is how expensive is it and what's the ROI compared to a hellfire shot by a Reaper? Again, it looks once more like the Air Force saw an "urgent need" to give its fighter jocks a job other than CAS orbits and "tron banging" for IEDs.

-- Christian

Comments

> The requirement for the total number of fire
> points will fall as the range of GMLRS rises,
> or the Army makes 300km range unitary ATACMS
> available for the mission.

Yes, the range can be increased, but when will they be active? What will the unit cost be? And you still have logistical and security costs.

> How much interdiction and deep strike is (a)
> required and (b) possible in a low intensity
> combat situation like Afghanistan?

In the current Afghan situation, interdiction and deep strike missions are few. But there is more to fighting wars than the Afghanistan 2008. In other cases interdiction and deep stike missions will be necessary.

> Interdiction in such a situation often requires
> 1. Eyes on human surveillance by Special
> Forces/Long Range Recon patrols to confirm the
> target/avoid collateral damage and
> 2. Rapid response once the decision to engage
> is made.

The observation and laseing of targets can be accomplished by manned or unmanned aircraft.

> Increasingly, UAV's are a 24/7 asset as well
> because they cost less than manned aircraft to
> buy or operate

Yep, they are, and they can drop bombs too.

> thanks to flight control software automation --
> trained pilots are not required to operate
> them. All you need for the newest UAV controls
> are kids who grew up with play station or WII
> to operate them.

Thats the popular conception, dont know if its realy true, but popular non the less. And BTW as the software gets more complicated, the UAVs get more expensive, and thus less numerous.

> What is happening is that the manned strike
> fighter close air support is being displaced by
> a cheaper UAV/Ballistic PGM/Artillery observer
> paradigm during a low intensity conflict
> situation.

AS I said, There is more than CAS in low intesity conflicts. What works in Afghanistan, might not work so well in other parts of the world.

Posted by: NTV at September 2, 2008 08:28 PM


NTV said:

>Okay, now you can cover the border with 60 fire
>bases. They still require defensive troops and
>tremendous logistical support.

The requirement is for 60 firing points to cover the border with a 70 km ballistic PGM. They can be either permanent fire bases or temporary ones set up for short periods, as HIMARS class launchers are both highly mobile (They are based on the US Army's FMTV truck frame) and have armored crew cabs.

The requirement for the total number of fire points will fall as the range of GMLRS rises, or the Army makes 300km range unitary ATACMS available for the mission.

>But, there is more to the AF, not to mention
>Marines, and Naval aviation, than ground
>support. What about interdiction? and deep
>strike missions?

How much interdiction and deep strike is (a) required and (b) possible in a low intensity combat situation like Afghanistan?

Interdiction in such a situation often requires 1. Eyes on human surveillance by Special Forces/Long Range Recon patrols to confirm the target/avoid collateral damage and
2. Rapid response once the decision to engage is made.

Artillery is available 24/7 and in the case of GMLRS arrives at Mach 2.5.

Increasingly, UAV's are a 24/7 asset as well because they cost less than manned aircraft to buy or operate and -- thanks to flight control software automation -- trained pilots are not required to operate them. All you need for the newest UAV controls are kids who grew up with play station or WII to operate them.

F-16's or B-1's, unless orbiting in the general area, cannot match that responsiveness. And if air support is indeed orbiting the area, it may make the insurgents hide until it leaves the area.

>Again, both air launched and tube/rocket
>munitions are useful. Both have their time and
>place.

What is happening is that the manned strike fighter close air support is being displaced by a cheaper UAV/Ballistic PGM/Artillery observer paradigm during a low intensity conflict situation.

The USAF close air support versus the emerging Army UAV/Ballistic PGM concept is very much in the situation of an incumbent market leader versus a new commercial “Disruptive Technology” as per Clayton M. Christensen book “The Innovator's Dilemma.”

This Army UAV/Ballistic PGM technological development has hum-bugged much of the USAF arguments for fixed wing CAS as anytime you go outside your own organization to get resources; you are at the mercy of that outside organizations priorities. It is literally impossible to get strike fighter close air support as responsive as the ballistic PGM fire support.

Posted by: Trent Telenko at September 2, 2008 09:09 AM


While the language quoted is a bit weasly, one assumes that the "combat first" is hitting a moving target in real combat with this weapon, and not simply hitting a moving target from the air in combat, something that happened many hundreds of times in the early Iraq War from fixed wing aircraft.

Presumably, the real significance of the LJDAM is that it allows a moving target to be hit from a greater range, hence reducing the historical importance of getting close to a target for close air support missions.

In other words, the LJDAM is the kind of weapon that makes it less important to have a specialized A-10 replacement, as opposed to a more typical F-35A, for this kind of mission, in future wars.

Posted by: ohwilleke at September 2, 2008 06:16 AM


> They have produced more than 5,000 GLRS with
> 70km range and have just started production of
> a variant with a 85km range.


Okay, now you can cover the border with 60 fire bases. They still require defensive troops and tremendous logistical support.

But, there is more to the AF, not to mention Marines, and Naval aviation, than ground support. What about interdiction? and deep strike missions?

Again, both air launched and tube/rocket muntions are usefull. Both have their time and place.

Posted by: NTV at September 1, 2008 05:43 PM


>The Afghan Pakistan border itself is 2400 km long.
>With a range of 20 km and a need of mutual support
>the 155's would need to be placed 10km apart. That
>means 240 155's to protect the border alone. Those
>firebases will need to be defended by an additional
>50 - 150 soldiers. Thats a lot of troops and
>supplies. If you want to argue costs, the costs here
>appear to be high.

The 155mm gun plus Excalibur is not the only or even primary Army Ballistic PGM.

They have produced more than 5,000 GLRS with 70km range and have just started production of a variant with a 85km range.

GMLRS would be in the permanent fire bases on HIMARS or tracked MLRS launchers and the 155mm gun would be the air assault fire support component for patrols.

Posted by: Trent Telenko at September 1, 2008 11:34 AM


> A single CH-47 mission can carry a light
> weight 155mm gun and one ton of Excalibur
> rounds (about 20) to most mountain peaks in
> Afghanistan.

Sure, but that approach brings logistical and operational problems.
If you want to put a 155 on a mountain to cover a patrol that wouldnt be a problem, at first. After a while the the Taliban/AQ fighters would get wise to where the 155 was getting placed and any suprise would be lost. OTOH if you wanted to base the 155's more perminately then you will need a lot of them cover the area that needs to be covered. The Afghan Pakistan border itself is 2400 km long. With a range of 20 km and a need of mutual support the 155's would need to be placed 10km apart. That means 240 155's to protect the border alone. Those firebases will need to be defended by an additional 50 - 150 soldiers. Thats a lot of troops and supplies. If you want to argue costs, the costs here appear to be high.

Posted by: NTV at August 31, 2008 04:53 PM


>Because there are times that the Excalibur cant be
>used, namely when the bad guys are outside of the
>range of the Excalibur. Thats when an air dropped
>weapon is useful

A single CH-47 mission can carry a light weight 155mm gun and one ton of Excalibur rounds (about 20) to most mountain peaks in Afghanistan.

That gun has a 20km range with Excalibur. It can cover multiple ground patrols in its weapons delivery fan with a reaction time only an aircraft orbiting over head of any single patrol with GBU-54's can match.

The more issues of coordination and availability between the USAF and the ground services, the less they will rely on strike fighters for PGM fire support.

Posted by: Trent Telenko at August 31, 2008 11:41 AM


Discusing the cost tradeoffs of the GBU-54 vs. Excalibur etc misses the point. Because there are tims that the Excalibur cant be used, namely when the bad guys are outside of the range of the Excalibur. Thats when an air droped weapon is usefull.

Posted by: NTV at August 29, 2008 04:41 PM


Trent makes great points as usual.

Found this in an old RAND study:

Recurring Peacetime Costs for Selected Unit Types—SABLE Model
(FY 1997 $)
............Cost per Flying Hour............
F16C Active $7,174
F16C Air National Guard (ANG) $7,730
F16A Air Force Reserve (AFR) $8,432
F15C Active $11,393
F15E Active $11,191
F15A ANG $12,011
A10 Active $5,882
A10 ANG $7,128
A10 AFR $8,520
KC-135R ANG $10,257

Keep in mind that the above are 1997 dollars and fuel costs. Today, after a two hour F-16 flight, aerial refueling with far more expensive fuel, and another two hour flight during which time you may or may not find a target...the costs add up rapidly. Excalibur 155mm, Javelin, GPS MLRS Binary rocket, and coming NLOS-Launch System missile "costs per hour" when ready but not being fired aren't nearly as high, are far more responsive, operate continuously in most any weather, and result in less collateral damage. Even helicopter costs per hour are probably less than that of Reaper which I believe I read recently to about $5000 an hour.

But Laser JDAM still seems like a great cost-effective idea since the enemy generally does not cooperate and remain still at a GPS coordinate.

Posted by: Cole at August 29, 2008 12:55 PM


...Yet doing so really does not cost the American military as much as losing a sniper rifle does to Al-Qaeda.

Over 30,000 Javelin missiles have been produced to since 1996 and their rocket motor shelf life is less than 15 years.

For purposes of expending in combat, using an early production vintage Javelin cost the US Army less than replacing the $800 sniper rifle cost Al-Qaeda.

That is the advantage of being a superpower.

Posted by: Trent Telenko at August 29, 2008 08:54 AM


>Hitting an 8,500 dollar truck with an 85,000
>dollar missile fired by an 18 million dollar
>jet. This is the brilliance we pay the Air Force
>for.

The US Army Javelin light infantry anti-tank missile costs $100,000 per missile because it has a fire and forget thermal imaging seeker.

US Army troopers, American Marines and British Army soldiers have all used them to shoot at and kill Al-Qaeda and Talaban snipers with $800 Russian sniper rifles.

War costs what it costs.

That we can use high tech toys to kill the bad guys via "dollar over kill" is not a bad thing as precision weapons mean we kill fewer civilians than terrorists, which helps win us the war in the long run.

Yet doing so

Posted by: Trent Telenko at August 29, 2008 08:46 AM


>They aught to develop variants of the GMLRS for
>longer ranger and greater payload and further
>eliminate the need for air support missions.

Your with is LockMart's command:

http://www.lockheedmartin.com/news/press_releases/2008/LockheedMartinGMLRSRocketIncreases.html

An 85km range version of the missile was tested in June 2008.

A reduced payload version of GMLRS was tested for the UK and reached 100km.

A Navy vertical launch version of either the 85km or 100km version of GMLRS could give the USMC the fast, precision guided, ballistic fire support it has been looking for for the last 15 years in 12-24 months for less than $50 million for development.

Add that together with a "strap on" versions of US Army Netfires PAM missile onto DDG-51's and you will have all of the DDG-1000 fire support capabilities across the fleet for less than the cost of a single DDG-1000.

Given that the 70km range XM-31 GMLRS has been used in 850 engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan, a naval GMLRS will simply be fielding a "Navy Gray" version of a combat proven fire support system

Posted by: Trent Telenko at August 28, 2008 11:17 PM


I agree the GMLRS and the Excalibur represent the next generation for air support. They aught to develop variants of the GMLRS for longer ranger and greater payload and further eliminate the need for air support missions.

Posted by: Jeff M at August 28, 2008 11:09 PM



500 lbs? How are these moving targets, anyway? Wouldn't something more appropriately sized be more useful, especially if you intend to drop one in an urban or semi-urban environment?

Posted by: tim at August 28, 2008 04:02 PM


*sigh*

Defensetech just gets worse and worse these days.

Feel like including some pertinent information, like, I dunno, the price?! (Yes, I read the entire article. Please find out the damn price. Where is the reporting on the SCAR or other interesting and noteworthy items? I digress...)

How about a comparison to other similar-capability weapons?

I love how we just assign the military an open check on all their weapon systems (many of which continue failing to deliver), even when the national debt is at a record level and our school systems and infrastructure are increasingly terrible.

The day we stop using the uber efficient A-10 for CAS is the day I shed a tear over an airplane. An F-35/F-22 for CAS (aside from dropping a bloody jdam, which it seems a C-47 could do now days)? Eat a dick, pentagon.

Posted by: Deus Ex at August 28, 2008 03:03 PM


Hitting an 8,500 dollar truck with an 85,000 dollar missile fired by an 18 million dollar jet. This is the brilliance we pay the Air Force for.

We have to be so obsessed with the lie of multi-role aircraft that the A-10 is the only plane we have slow enough to do a simple strafing run. Pathetic.

Posted by: Joel at August 28, 2008 01:00 PM


What are the advantage of a Laser JDAM vs a GPS assisted LGB?

Posted by: fred at August 28, 2008 12:55 PM


The issue is less of Hellfire vs LJDAM as it is LJDAM versus GMLRS 227mm rocket and LJDAM vs Excalibur 155mm shell.

Over 850 GMLRS have been _used in combat_ since 2005 and over 5,000 GMLRS have been delivered to the US Army.

See:
http://www.novancma.org/newsletters/Hot%20Topics-Palus.ppt

The GMLRS has a 196 lb explosive warhead verus a 280lb warhead on a LJDAM, so it generates less collateral damage per shot. It costs in the $100,000 range per round.

The GMLRS arrives at mach 2.5, roughly 82 seconds after it is launched at its maximum 70km range.

If an Army or USMC forward observer has a laser range finder and GPS,and they all do, he can literally get a digital target coordinate call for fire to a GMLRS launcher in less than 60 seconds.

A GMLRS is available 24/7 in all weather and it does not require going into another service and up that service's chain of command (with it associated JAG officers) to get the okay to fire.

The 155mm Excalibur is just now entering service and several hundred have been delivered with over a thousand more under contact. It has the same advantages as the GMLRS is us with a shorter 20km range and a smaller 20lb explosive warhead (the same as a Hellfire).

They cost $85,000 each and they are in series production at 150 rounds a month, with the goal of doubling that number as soon as the money becomes available.

see:

http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htart/articles/20080828.aspx

Posted by: Trent Telenko at August 28, 2008 12:37 PM


...He said "retarded"?! OH NOES! run for the hills before i call the political correctness police!

Posted by: Trav at August 28, 2008 12:11 PM


> But my question is how expensive is it

http://stlouis.bizjournals.com/stlouis/stories/2007/05/21/daily2.html says the contract for 600 LJDAM kits was worth $28.8 million, or $48,000 per unit. That's about twice what standard JDAM tail kits cost. Since the 600-unit lot was the first one, there may have been start-up and other nonrecurring costs, which would make future LJAMs less expensive. Or not.

Posted by: Allen Thomson at August 28, 2008 11:37 AM


I mean - who says the word 'retarted' in such a context? Catch up with the times and show some respect.

Posted by: meg at August 28, 2008 10:49 AM


nice!
considering that these are kits strapped onto old dummy bombs - this is a really useful and cost-effective (hopefully...) technology.

Posted by: Patron Vectras at August 28, 2008 10:39 AM


I maybe wrong here, but "ensured all criteria were met for combat delivery". Probably means the bad guy couldn't turn a corner, and place a building or obstruction between himself & his soon to be life altering experience.

Posted by: Camp at August 28, 2008 09:50 AM


Considering the Hellfire, at 70,000, a pop is little under twice as exensive as 500lb JDAM, I'd imagine that the ROI is still on the side of LJDAM.

Posted by: daskro at August 28, 2008 07:57 AM


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